The AchieVer Posted December 31, 2018 Share Posted December 31, 2018 What Does 802.11ax Bring to the Table? Wi-Fi is set to get better and faster with its upcoming major update. While plenty of routersare already available with chips using draft specifications, 802.11ax Wi-Fi won't be finalized until December 2019, ushering in a wave of updated devices touting new wireless capabilities that will contribute toward next-generation networks with more speed and less congestion. 802.11ax also known as 'high-efficiency wireless' will be commonly referred to as Wi-Fi 6. This is a new naming standard set by the Wi-Fi Alliance, with previous generations now being known as Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac) and Wi-Fi 4 (802.11n). This labeling convention is expected to appear on devices as shown below. Technically, Wi-Fi 6 will have a single-user data rate that is 37% faster than 802.11ac, but what's more significant is that the updated specification will offer four times the throughput per user in crowded environments, as well as better power efficiency which should translate to a boost in device battery life. To achieve those improvements, 802.11ax implements a variety of changes including several multi-user technologies which have been borrowed from the cellular industry – namely MU-MIMO and OFDMA – techniques that greatly improve capacity and performance by enabling more simultaneous connections and a more thorough use of spectrum. Home users who upgrade their hardware can look forward to some improvements from these technologies, especially over time as the number of devices per household increases – some estimates suggest there will be as many as 50 nodes per home by 2022. However, as mentioned, Wi-Fi 6 is anticipated to have a more immediate impact in areas where networks are highly congested and will ultimately aid in laying a foundation for the number of nodes expected on upcoming smart infrastructure (e.g. Internet of Things devices). Along with addressing overlapping coverage from the sheer number of devices and network deployments emerging as IoT rolls out, Wi-Fi 6 will be equipped to handle the ever-increasing demand for faster multi-user data rates. Source: Intel Overall, Wi-Fi 6 builds on 802.11ac with more than fifty updated features, though not all of them will necessarily be included in the finalized specification. Here's some of what Wi-Fi 6 is expected to accomplish: More overall bandwidth per user for ultra-HD and virtual reality streaming Support for more simultaneous streams of data with increased throughput More total spectrum (2.4GHz and 5GHz, eventually bands in 1GHz and 6GHz) Said spectrum split into more channels to enable more routes for communication Packets contain more data and networks can handle different data streams at once Improved performance (as much as 4x) at the maximum range of an access point Better performance/robustness in outdoor and multi-path (cluttered) environments Ability to offload wireless traffic from cellular networks where reception is poor 802.11n vs. 802.11ac vs. 802.11ax 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4) 802.11ac Wave 2 (Wi-Fi 5) 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) Released 2009 2013 2019 Bands 2.4GHz & 5GHz 5GHz 2.4GHz & 5GHz, spanning to 1GHz - 7GHz eventually Channel Bandwidth 20MHz, 40MHz (40MHz optional) 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, 80+80MHz & 160MHz (40MHz support made mandatory) 20MHz/40MHz @ 2.4GHz, 80MHz, 80+80MHz & 160MHz @ 5GHz FFT Sizes 64, 128 64, 128, 256, 512 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048 Subcarrier Spacing 312.5kHz 312.5kHz 78.125 kHz OFDM Symbol Duration 3.6ms (short guard interval) 4ms (long guard interval) 3.2ms (0.4/0.8ms cyclic prefix) 12.8ms (0.8/1.6/3.2mscyclic prefix) Highest Modulation 64-QAM 256-QAM 1024-QAM Data Rates Ranging from 54Mb/s to 600Mb/s (max of 4 spatial streams) 433Mb/s (80MHz, 1 spatial stream) 6933Mb/s (160MHz, 8 spatial stream) 600Mb/s (80MHz, 1 spatial stream) 9607.8Mb/s (160MHz, 8 spatial stream) SU/MU-MIMO-OFDM/A SU-MIMO-OFDM SU-MIMO-OFDM Wave 1, MU-MIMO-OFDM Wave 2 MU-MIMO-OFDMA Released in 2013, 802.11ac (now also known as Wi-Fi 5) was standardized in 2013 and while this specification is largely adequate for today's typical home usage, it only uses bands in the 5GHz spectrum and lacks the level of multi-user technologies that will support a growing number of devices connected at once. As a point of reference for the changes coming in Wi-Fi 6, here is what 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5) expanded on 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4): Wider channels (80MHz or 160MHz versus a max of 40MHz in the 5GHz band) Eight spatial streams instead of four (spatial streams illustrated) 256-QAM versus 64-QAM modulation (transmits more bits per QAM symbol) Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO) on 802.11ac Wave 2, enabling four downlink connections at once instead of only one on Single-User MIMO (still 1x1 on uplink) When Wi-Fi 6 is launched in full, the specification will be backward compatible with previous standards, incorporating both 2.4GHz and 5GHz along with eventually expanding that spectrum to include bands in 1GHz and 6GHz when they become available. Perhaps more noteworthy than the inclusion of this additional spectrum are the technologies that will put this bandwidth to use. With more spectrum available, Wi-Fi 6 can split the bandwidth into narrower (more) sub-channels, creating more avenues for clients and access points to communicate along with enabling support for additional devices on any given network. While Wi-Fi 5 can serve four users on downstream at once courtesy of MU-MIMO – a considerable improvement over the single-user MIMO on Wi-Fi 4 – today's AC wireless (Wi-Fi 5) can still only handle one user at a time on upstream. On paper, 802.11ax will increase that to eight users on both up and downlink, with the potential to deliver four simultaneous streams to a single client. However, we've read that uplink MU-MIMO may not be supported on the first round of 802.11ax-certified hardware, and few if any current devices can benefit from four spatial streams, much less the eight supported on Wi-Fi 6, as most existing MU-MIMO-equipped smartphones and laptops only have 2x2:2 or 3x3:3 MIMO radios. This number formatting (AxB:C) is used to demonstrate the maximum amount of transmit antennas (A), the maximum amount of receive antennas (B) and the maximum amount of spatial data streams (C) supported by a MIMO radio. While a Wi-Fi device must support MU-MIMO to directly benefit from that technology, hardware without MU-MIMO chips should indirectly benefit from the additional air time available on MU-MIMO-enabled access points. Wi-Fi 6 also introduces support for up and downlink "Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access" (OFDMA), a modulation scheme that is equated to a multi-user version of OFDM (the spec on 802.11ac/n), which will reduce latency, boost capacity and improve efficiency by allowing as many as 30 users at once to share a channel. To help you visualize those technologies, instead of one clerk serving a single line of customers individually, the combination of MU-MIMO and OFDMA can be equated to having many clerks and many lines, with each clerk capable of serving multiple customers at once. source Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
hey Posted December 31, 2018 Share Posted December 31, 2018 Yeh yeh, I reckon soon you'll be explaining Wi-Fi 7. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
The AchieVer Posted December 31, 2018 Author Share Posted December 31, 2018 Just now, hey said: Yeh yeh, I reckon soon you'll be explaining Wi-Fi 7. As and when it's available , surely I will. Regards Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
debebee Posted December 31, 2018 Share Posted December 31, 2018 New Standards, New Hardware... Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
debebee Posted December 31, 2018 Share Posted December 31, 2018 What Does 802.11ax Bring to the Table? (OP article is greyed out) Wi-Fi is set to get better and faster with its upcoming major update. While plenty of routersare already available with chips using draft specifications, 802.11ax Wi-Fi won't be finalized until December 2019, ushering in a wave of updated devices touting new wireless capabilities that will contribute toward next-generation networks with more speed and less congestion. 802.11ax also known as 'high-efficiency wireless' will be commonly referred to as Wi-Fi 6. This is a new naming standard set by the Wi-Fi Alliance, with previous generations now being known as Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac) and Wi-Fi 4 (802.11n). This labeling convention is expected to appear on devices as shown below. Technically, Wi-Fi 6 will have a single-user data rate that is 37% faster than 802.11ac, but what's more significant is that the updated specification will offer four times the throughput per user in crowded environments, as well as better power efficiency which should translate to a boost in device battery life. To achieve those improvements, 802.11ax implements a variety of changes including several multi-user technologies which have been borrowed from the cellular industry – namely MU-MIMO and OFDMA – techniques that greatly improve capacity and performance by enabling more simultaneous connections and a more thorough use of spectrum. Home users who upgrade their hardware can look forward to some improvements from these technologies, especially over time as the number of devices per household increases – some estimates suggest there will be as many as 50 nodes per home by 2022. However, as mentioned, Wi-Fi 6 is anticipated to have a more immediate impact in areas where networks are highly congested and will ultimately aid in laying a foundation for the number of nodes expected on upcoming smart infrastructure (e.g. Internet of Things devices). Along with addressing overlapping coverage from the sheer number of devices and network deployments emerging as IoT rolls out, Wi-Fi 6 will be equipped to handle the ever-increasing demand for faster multi-user data rates. Source: Intel Overall, Wi-Fi 6 builds on 802.11ac with more than fifty updated features, though not all of them will necessarily be included in the finalized specification. Here's some of what Wi-Fi 6 is expected to accomplish: More overall bandwidth per user for ultra-HD and virtual reality streaming Support for more simultaneous streams of data with increased throughput More total spectrum (2.4GHz and 5GHz, eventually bands in 1GHz and 6GHz) Said spectrum split into more channels to enable more routes for communication Packets contain more data and networks can handle different data streams at once Improved performance (as much as 4x) at the maximum range of an access point Better performance/robustness in outdoor and multi-path (cluttered) environments Ability to offload wireless traffic from cellular networks where reception is poor 802.11n vs. 802.11ac vs. 802.11ax 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4) 802.11ac Wave 2 (Wi-Fi 5) 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) Released 2009 2013 2019 Bands 2.4GHz & 5GHz 5GHz 2.4GHz & 5GHz, spanning to 1GHz - 7GHz eventually Channel Bandwidth 20MHz, 40MHz (40MHz optional) 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, 80+80MHz & 160MHz (40MHz support made mandatory) 20MHz/40MHz @ 2.4GHz, 80MHz, 80+80MHz & 160MHz @ 5GHz FFT Sizes 64, 128 64, 128, 256, 512 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048 Subcarrier Spacing 312.5kHz 312.5kHz 78.125 kHz OFDM Symbol Duration 3.6ms (short guard interval) 4ms (long guard interval) 3.2ms (0.4/0.8ms cyclic prefix) 12.8ms (0.8/1.6/3.2mscyclic prefix) Highest Modulation 64-QAM 256-QAM 1024-QAM Data Rates Ranging from 54Mb/s to 600Mb/s (max of 4 spatial streams) 433Mb/s (80MHz, 1 spatial stream) 6933Mb/s (160MHz, 8 spatial stream) 600Mb/s (80MHz, 1 spatial stream) 9607.8Mb/s (160MHz, 8 spatial stream) SU/MU-MIMO-OFDM/A SU-MIMO-OFDM SU-MIMO-OFDM Wave 1, MU-MIMO-OFDM Wave 2 MU-MIMO-OFDMA Released in 2013, 802.11ac (now also known as Wi-Fi 5) was standardized in 2013 and while this specification is largely adequate for today's typical home usage, it only uses bands in the 5GHz spectrum and lacks the level of multi-user technologies that will support a growing number of devices connected at once. As a point of reference for the changes coming in Wi-Fi 6, here is what 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5) expanded on 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4): Wider channels (80MHz or 160MHz versus a max of 40MHz in the 5GHz band) Eight spatial streams instead of four (spatial streams illustrated) 256-QAM versus 64-QAM modulation (transmits more bits per QAM symbol) Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO) on 802.11ac Wave 2, enabling four downlink connections at once instead of only one on Single-User MIMO (still 1x1 on uplink) When Wi-Fi 6 is launched in full, the specification will be backward compatible with previous standards, incorporating both 2.4GHz and 5GHz along with eventually expanding that spectrum to include bands in 1GHz and 6GHz when they become available. Perhaps more noteworthy than the inclusion of this additional spectrum are the technologies that will put this bandwidth to use. With more spectrum available, Wi-Fi 6 can split the bandwidth into narrower (more) sub-channels, creating more avenues for clients and access points to communicate along with enabling support for additional devices on any given network. While Wi-Fi 5 can serve four users on downstream at once courtesy of MU-MIMO – a considerable improvement over the single-user MIMO on Wi-Fi 4 – today's AC wireless (Wi-Fi 5) can still only handle one user at a time on upstream. On paper, 802.11ax will increase that to eight users on both up and downlink, with the potential to deliver four simultaneous streams to a single client. However, we've read that uplink MU-MIMO may not be supported on the first round of 802.11ax-certified hardware, and few if any current devices can benefit from four spatial streams, much less the eight supported on Wi-Fi 6, as most existing MU-MIMO-equipped smartphones and laptops only have 2x2:2 or 3x3:3 MIMO radios. This number formatting (AxB:C) is used to demonstrate the maximum amount of transmit antennas (A), the maximum amount of receive antennas (B) and the maximum amount of spatial data streams (C) supported by a MIMO radio. While a Wi-Fi device must support MU-MIMO to directly benefit from that technology, hardware without MU-MIMO chips should indirectly benefit from the additional air time available on MU-MIMO-enabled access points. Wi-Fi 6 also introduces support for up and downlink "Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access" (OFDMA), a modulation scheme that is equated to a multi-user version of OFDM (the spec on 802.11ac/n), which will reduce latency, boost capacity and improve efficiency by allowing as many as 30 users at once to share a channel. To help you visualize those technologies, instead of one clerk serving a single line of customers individually, the combination of MU-MIMO and OFDMA can be equated to having many clerks and many lines, with each clerk capable of serving multiple customers at once. source Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
The AchieVer Posted December 31, 2018 Author Share Posted December 31, 2018 @teodz1984 I have used dark gray font and that’s probably giving it a grayed out effect. I appreciate your efforts to rectify the same as per your requirements. Regards Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
AlienForce1 Posted December 31, 2018 Share Posted December 31, 2018 teodz1984 is right , nsaneforums should change the default colour to black , it`s more easy to read and less tiring for the eyes 😊 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
The AchieVer Posted December 31, 2018 Author Share Posted December 31, 2018 The default colour is black . However,quite a few members read it in dark mode. This was the feedback which I got, hence upon their request I started using dark gray color. Regards Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Arachnoid Posted December 31, 2018 Share Posted December 31, 2018 Bandwidth are pretty congested unless someone has allocates a chunk to the new version. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
debebee Posted December 31, 2018 Share Posted December 31, 2018 1 hour ago, The AchieVer said: The default colour is black . However,quite a few members read it in dark mode. This was the feedback which I got, hence upon their request I started using dark gray color. Regards But it isnt good for the rest of use using the LIGHT MODE Maybe they should be thinking of sperate palette for dark and light modes, like CSS Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
The AchieVer Posted January 1, 2019 Author Share Posted January 1, 2019 5 hours ago, teodz1984 said: But it isnt good for the rest of use using the LIGHT MODE Maybe they should be thinking of sperate palette for dark and light modes, like CSS Next time the font color will be black. Regards Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Reefa Posted January 1, 2019 Share Posted January 1, 2019 Thread moved from software news.... Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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